What is Functional Testing?

- Functionality is nothing but behaviour of the application.

- Functionality testing talks about how your feature should work.

Functional Testing includes:

- Object properties testing

- Database testing

- Error handling

- Calculations/Manipulations testing

- Links existence & Links execution

- Cookies & Sessions

Object Properties Testing

- verify/check the properties of object present on the application.

Ex:- Enable, Disable, Visible, Focus, etc...

Database Testing (Backend Testing)

Database is a storage area that stores data.

- DML Operations (Data Manipulation Language)

- insert

- update

- delete

- select

- Database testing includes black-box testing and white-box testing. This is called Grey-box testing.

- From UI we send commands to database by using Black-box testing.

- Checking the data in the database by using white-box testing.

Database testing (white-box testing part)

1. Table level validations and Column level validations (column type, column length, number of columns...)

2. Relation between the tables (Normalization)

3. Functions

4. Procedures

5. Triggers

6. Indexes

7. Views, etc..

- Testers only perform Black-box testing from UI.

- Database testing is checking database operations with respect to user operations.

Error Handling Testing

- Tester verify the error messages while performing incorrect actions on the application.

- Error messages should be readable & user understandable language.

Calculations/Manipulations Testing

- Checks the calculations/manipulations working or not.

- Tester should check or verify the calculations.

Links Existence & Links Execution

- Only in web applications.

Links

Where exactly the links are placed -> Links Existence.

Links are navigating to proper page or not -> Links Execution.

3 Kinds of Links

1. Internet Links - Same page different section

2. External Links - Navigate to other page

3. Broken Links - Doesn't have target page

(For future implementation the developers add broken links)

Cookies & Sessions

Only web applications.

Cookies

A files/temporary files which are created by the browser. While browsing the page through internet.

Ex:- 

step1- Open Gmail

step2- Enter Username & Password

step3- Without Logout close the tab

After some time

step4- Open the Gmail again

- It will open without any inputs given. Browser saves Cookies information.

Sessions (timeslot)

- Will be created on the server side. 

- Session mechanism at server site (Security mechanism).

Ex:-

step1- Login

step2- Idle for 2 to 5 minutes approximately

It will logout automatically. - Session Expired.

-> Sessions are time slots created by the server. Session will be expired after some time (if you are idle for some time).